JPSBR_Vol_7_Issue

ABSTRACT: A simple, accurate and precise Area Under Curve spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of Finasteride in pharmaceutical dosage form. This method involves the calculation of integrated value of absorbance with respect to the wave-length between two selected wavelengths. The area selected between 210-220 nm for the determination of Finasteride. The drug follows Beer- Lambert’s law over the concentration range of 2-10 µg/ml for Finasteride. The % estimation of the drug 99.546% representing the accuracy of the method. The recovery of Finasteride found near to 99.68. The validation of the proposed method was carried out for its accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods can be successfully applied in routine work for the determination of Finasteride in its pharmaceutical dosage form. KEY WORDS: Spectroscopy, Area under curve,Methanol, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Finasteride, validation.

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive decline in memory and cognitive functions, due to genetic defects, oxidative stress and increase in level of enzyme acetylcholinesterase causing reduction in level of n eurotransmitter Acetylcholine. Literature survey reveals that an important constituent present in the plant Abutilon indicum is β-sitosterol which produces anti-inflammatory activity and its leaves are reported to possess good antioxidant activity. Also, s pectrophotometric analysis of methanolic extract of the plant is reported to show good acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Hence, methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum was evaluated for its memory retention and cognitive enhancement ability against Aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease in rats. Alzheimer’s disease was induced in Sprague-dawley rats by administration of Aluminium chloride (4.2mg/kg i.p.) for 28days. Effectiveness of Abutilon indicum whole plant extract [400mg/kg, 600mg/kg] was evaluated using various behavioural models and by estimating brain acetylcholineesterase enzyme level. Methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum showed significant decrease in Transfer Latency in all learning and memory models indicating its effectiveness in reversing the cognitive impairment caused by Aluminium chloride and thus improving memory. Biochemical estimation of brain homogenate revealed decrease in level of brain acetylcholinesterase enzyme in drug treated rats suggesting improvement in cholinergic function. From the results of the experiments, it can be concluded that methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum shows protective effect against Aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease in rats, due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activity. KEY WORDS: Alzheimer’s disease, Abutilon indicum, Memory, Acetylcholinesterase enzyme, Aluminium Chloride.

ABSTRACT: Fucoxanthin (FUCO) is extremely instable and occur in nature as different isomers which may differ considerably in their biological effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify the FUCO isomers in oil and powder samples by LC-MS and NMR analyses and then to develop a precise, reliable, and rapid HPLC-DAD method for quantifying them; moreover, the effect of heating, basic and acid medium and light on their stability was measured. FUCO and isomers were identified as all-trans and 9’-cis fucoxanthin with MS and NMR spectra. Different chromatographic parameters were carefully optimized and the method was specific, linear (1-40 µg mL−1; r>0.99), precise (standard deviation values <0.7%), accurate (mean recovery = 103.25%), low limit of quantification (0.1 µg mL−1). Moreover, the robustness was investigated using the Box–Behnken experimental design and factors studied simultaneously were: pH of mobile phase, wavelength and column temperature, each at three levels, producing results within the acceptable range. This proposed method was successfully applied the analysis of FUCO, emphasizing thus the advantages of the method: high efficiency, reliable and rapid analysis. Our results suggested that method can be used for the quality control of FUCO and its isomers. KEY WORDS: Marine carotenoids, fucoxanthin, isomers, study stability, validation, HPLC.

ABSTRACT: Evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Cassia occidentalis seeds in mast cell degradation induced by clonidine in Rats. The effect of oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis seeds on clonidine induced mast cell degradation has been studied and is compared with the effect of oral administration of Sodium cromoglycate as standard on rats. A clonidine resulted in mast cell degradation. Supplementation with hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis seeds significantly increased the percentage protection against mast cell degradation. The results indicate that the seed of Cassia occidentalis is endowed with protected in mast cell degradation. KEY WORDS: Cassia occidentalis, clonidine, sodium cromoglycate, mast cell degradation, analysis of variance.

ABSTRACT: The effects of crude oil on the blood parameters and serum enzymes of the widely consumed catfish Clarias gariepinus were studied based on the results of the 96 hour acute toxicity tests carried out on Clarias gariepinus of mean weight 138 ± 12g and mean total length 28 ± 1.5cm. The LD50 of crude oil was 823.3ppm. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks after which blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Ht), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and WBC differential count. RBC indices; mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration were calculated. Serum enzymes; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were assayed. Haemoglobin concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05) between 7.50 ± 0.70g/dl and 6.90 ± 0.64gld in all sub-lethal concentrations compared to the control values of 8.58 ± 0.48g/dl. Haematocrit were similarly significantly (P<0.05) lowered from the control value of 26.8 ± 0.68µ/L to 20.8 ± 1.78 µ/L and 23.8 ± 2.07µ/L for 300ppm and 600ppm crude oil respectively. The RBC count significantly reduced (P<0.05) from the control value of 4.38 x 1012 ± 0.26 to between 3.46 x 1012 ± 0.31 and 3.86 x 1012 ± 0.35 in 300ppm and 600ppm crude oil respectively. The WBC count significantly (P<0.05) increased from 20720.00 ± 307.77 in the control to 21220 ± 845.40 and 24160 ± 735.71 in the two sublethal levels respectively. The serum enzymes of the control 40.0 ± 4.07iu/L (ALP), 34.8 ± 1.18 iu/L (ALT) and 119.8 ± 13.24 iu/L (AST) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the experimental group at 300ppm crude oil 38.2 ± 6.83iu/L (ALP) 23.8 ± 3.67 iu/L (ALT) and 95.0 ± 14.82iu/L (AST) while the values at 600ppm crude oil were 36.6 ± 5.13, 29.6 ± 4.07iu/L, and 105.6 ± 15.81iu/L respectively. There were no significant differences (P<0.05) in MCHC, MCH and MCV values between the control and the experimental groups. This study has sufficiently contributed to the basic research needs of aquatic toxicology and fish pathology. KEY WORDS: Clarias gariepinus, Crude oil, blood parameters, Serum enzymes.

ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorating effect of ethanolic extract ofHordeum vulgare seeds in hyperoxaluria and renal cell injury. Materials and Methods: Wistar Albino rats weighing 250-300gm. All groups received regular rat food and drinking water ad libitum. Calcium oxalate crystals were placed in group III, IV, V and group VI by surgery while in group II surgery was performed but calcium oxalate crystal was not placed. Group IV and group V received Ethanolic extract of Hordeum vulgare 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. While Group VI was received standard drug cystone 750 mg/kg. All drugs were given orally from 1st to 14th day. Urinary volume, oxalate, calcium, inorganic phosphate, uric acid, citrate, magnesium, serum calcium, Phosphorus, BUN, uric acid, magnesium, was evaluated. Results: calcium oxalate feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium. Supplementation with EHVsignificantly reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. EHV significantly lowered the urinary excretion and kidney retention levels of oxalate, citrate, phosphate and calcium. Moreover, elevated serum levels of uric acid,BUN and calcium, phosphorus were significantly reduced by the extracts KEY WORDS: Hordeum vulgare, Hyperoxaluria; Urolithiasis; caicium oxalate.